About business rates

Business rates explanatory notes for 2019 to 2020.

Business rates

We collect business rates, also known as non-domestic rates, so those who occupy non-domestic properties contribute towards the cost of local services. Under the business rates retention arrangements introduced from 1 April 2013, we keep a proportion of the business rates paid locally.

This provides a direct financial incentive for us to work with local businesses to create a favourable local environment for growth since we will benefit from growth in business rates revenues. The money, together with revenue from council tax payers, revenue support grant provided by the Government and certain other sums, is used to pay for the services we provide in your area. Further information about the business rates system, including transitional and other reliefs, may be obtained at www.gov.uk.

Rateable value

Apart from properties that are exempt from business rates, each non-domestic property has a rateable value which is set by the valuation officers of the Valuation Office Agency (VOA), an agency of Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs. They draw up and maintain a full list of all rateable values, available at www.gov.uk/government/organisations/valuation-office-agency.

The rateable value of your property is shown on the front of your bill. This broadly represents the yearly rent the property could have been let for on the open market on a particular date. For the revaluation that came into effect on 1 April 2017, this date was set as 1 April 2015.

The valuation officer may alter the value if circumstances change. The ratepayer (and certain others who have an interest in the property) can request a change to the value shown in the list if they believe it is wrong, through Check, Challenge, Appeal (CCA) process introduced in April 2017. Full details on the CCA process are available from the VOA or from www.gov.uk.

We can only backdate any business rates rebate from the date from which any change to the list is to have effect.

The Valuation Office Agency (VOA) values all business properties for business rates. The valuation is based on information the VOA holds about your property. You can view and update this information via the GOV.uk valuation page.

You can contact the VOA via the GOV.uk website. If you are unable to use the online service you can also contact the VOA on

• Call 03000 501 501

National non-domestic rating multiplier

We work out the business rates bill by multiplying the rateable value of the property by the appropriate multiplier.

There are 2 multipliers:

1. Standard non-domestic rating multiplier
2. Small business non-domestic rating multiplier

The former is higher to pay for small business rate relief. Except in the City of London where special arrangements apply, the Government sets the multipliers for each financial year for the whole of England according to formulae set by legislation.

The current multipliers are shown on the front of your bill.

Business rates instalments

Payment of business rate bills is automatically set on a 10-monthly cycle. However, the Government has put in place regulations that we allow businesses to enable payments to be made through 12 monthly instalments. If you wish to take up this offer, you should contact us as soon as possible.

Revaluation 2017 and transitional arrangements

All rateable values are reassessed at a general revaluation. The most recent revaluation took effect from 1 April 2017. Revaluations make sure each ratepayer pays their fair contribution and no more, by ensuring that the share of the national rates bill paid by any one ratepayer reflects changes over time in the value of their property relative to others.

A £3.6 billion transitional relief scheme limits changes in rate bills as a result of the 2017 revaluation. To help pay for the limits on increases in bills, there are also limits on reductions in bills. Under the transitional scheme, limits continue to apply to yearly increases and decreases until the full amount is due (rateable value times the appropriate multiplier).

The scheme applies only to the bill based on a property at the time of the revaluation. If there are any changes to the property after 1 April 2017, transitional arrangements will not normally apply to the part of a bill that relates to any increase in rateable value due to those changes. Changes to your bill as a result of other reasons (such as changes to the amount of small business rate relief) are not covered by the transitional arrangements.

The transitional arrangements are applied automatically and are shown on the front of your bill. Further information about transitional arrangements and other reliefs may be obtained from the Council orwww.gov.uk/introduction-to-business-rates

More information on the 2017 revaluation can be found at www.gov.uk/introduction-to-business-rates/revaluation

Unoccupied property rating

Business rates will not be payable in the first 3 months that a property is empty. This is extended to 6 months in the case of certain industrial properties. After this period rates are payable in full. In most cases the unoccupied property rate is zero for properties owned by charities and community amateur sports clubs. In addition, there are a number of exemptions from the unoccupied property rate. Contact us for full details on exemptions.

Partly occupied property relief

A ratepayer is liable for the full non-domestic rate whether a property is wholly occupied or only partly occupied. Where a property is partly occupied for a short time, we have discretion in certain cases to award relief in respect of the unoccupied part. Contact us for full details.

Small business rate relief

Ratepayers who occupy a property with a rateable value which does not exceed £50,999 (and who are not entitled to other mandatory relief or are liable for unoccupied property rates) will have their bills calculated using the lower small business non-domestic rating multiplier, rather than the national non-domestic rating multiplier.

In addition, generally, if the sole or main property is shown on the rating list with a rateable value which does not exceed £15,000, the ratepayer will receive a percentage reduction in their rates bill for this property of up to a maximum of 100%. For a property with a rateable value of not more than £12,000, the ratepayer will receive a 100% reduction in their rates bill.

Generally, this percentage reduction (relief) is only available to ratepayers who occupy either:

1. One property, or
2. One main property and other additional properties providing those additional properties each have a rateable value which does not exceed £2,899

The aggregate rateable value of all the properties mentioned in 2., must not exceed £19,999 outside London or £27,999 in London on each day for which relief is being sought. If the rateable value, or aggregate rateable value, increases above those levels, relief will cease from the day of the increase.

The Government has introduced additional support to small businesses. For those businesses that take on an additional property which would normally have meant the loss of small business rate relief, the Government has confirmed that they will be allowed to keep that relief for a period of 12 months.

Where a ratepayer meets the eligibility criteria and has not received the relief they should contact us. Provided the ratepayer continues to satisfy the conditions for relief which apply at the relevant time as regards the property and the ratepayer, they will automatically continue to receive relief in each new valuation period.

Certain changes in circumstances we will need to be notified by a ratepayer who is in receipt of relief (other changes will be picked up by us).

The changes which should be notified are:

1. The ratepayer taking up occupation of an additional property
2. An increase in the rateable value of a property occupied by the ratepayer in an area other than the area of the local authority which granted the relief

Charity and community amateur sports club relief

Charities and registered community amateur sports clubs are entitled to 80% relief where the property is occupied by the charity or the club, and is wholly or mainly used for the charitable purposes of the charity (or of that and other charities), or for the purposes of the club (or of that and other clubs).

We have discretion to give further relief on the remaining bill. Contact us for full details.

Rate relief for businesses in rural areas

Certain types of properties in a rural settlement with a population below 3,000 may be entitled to relief. The property must be the only general store, the only post office or a food shop and have a rateable value of less than £8,500, or the only public house or the only petrol station and have a rateable value of less than £12,500.

The property has to be occupied. An eligible ratepayer is entitled to relief at 50% of the full charge whilst we have discretion to give further relief on the remaining bill. The 2016 Autumn Statement confirmed the doubling of rural rate relief from 50% to 100% from 1 April 2017. We will be expected to use our local discount powers to grant 100% rural rate relief to eligible ratepayers from 1 April 2017.

Contact us for full details.

Relief for local newspapers

The Government is providing funding so that they can provide a discount worth up to £1,500 a year on office space occupied by local newspapers. This was due to run for 2 years from 1 April 2017. At the Autumn Budget 2018, the Government extended the scheme for an additional year (2019/20).

This scheme provides up to a maximum of one discount per local newspaper title and per hereditament, and up to state aid limits. The relief will be delivered through our discretionary discount powers (under section 47(3) of the Local Government Finance Act 1988). Eligibility criteria for this relief are set out in a guidance note:

“The case for a business rates relief for local newspapers”, which can be obtained at https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/the-case-for-a-business-rates-relief-for-local-newspapers

Spring budget 2017 relief scheme: Supporting small business

Ratepayers losing small business or rural rate relief as a result of the 2017 revaluation will have their increases limited to the greater of either:

1. A cash value of £600 per year, or
2. The matching cap on increases for small properties in the transitional relief scheme

This relief will run until the next revaluation in 2021 and ratepayers will receive the relief until this date or they reach what their bill would have been within the relief scheme, whichever is first. This relief will be delivered through local authority discretionary discount powers (under section 47(3) of the Local Government Finance Act 1988). Further information can be obtained from us.

Spring budget 2017 relief scheme: Discretionary scheme

The Government is providing £300 million of funding to local authorities over 4 years to 31 March 2021 to provide discounts to ratepayers in their area on a discretionary basis. Each authority has been allocated a share with which to design and implement a scheme to deliver targeted support to ratepayers.

The £300m will cover the 4 years from 2017/18:

• £175m in 2017/18
• £85m in 2018/19
• £35m in 2019/20
• £5m in 2020/21

Our allocation can be found at https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/discretionary-business-rates-relief-scheme

This relief will be delivered through our discretionary discount powers (under section 47(3) of the Local Government Finance Act 1988). Further information can be obtained from us.

Retail discount

At the Autumn Budget 2018, the Government announced a one-third discount for eligible retail businesses with a rateable value of less than £51,000, up to state aid limits. This scheme will run for 2 years from April 2019. This discount will be applied to the bill after the application of any reliefs, excluding any local discounts.

The government has issued guidance on the operation of the scheme, which can be found at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/business-rates-retail-discount-guidance.

This relief will be delivered through our discretionary discount powers (under section 47(3) of the Local Government Finance Act 1988). Further information can be obtained from us.

Local discounts

We have a general power to grant discretionary local discounts. Full details can be obtained from us.

State aid

The award of such discounts is considered likely to amount to state aid. However it will be state aid compliant where it is provided in accordance with the De Minimis Regulations EC 1407/2013. The De Minimis Regulations allow an undertaking to receive up to €200,000 ‘de minimis’ aid over a rolling 3 year period.

If you are receiving, or have received, any ‘de minimis’ aid granted during the current or 2 previous financial years (from any source), you should inform us immediately with details of the aid received.

Hardship relief

We have discretion to give hardship relief in specific circumstances. Full details can be obtained from us.

Rating advisers

Ratepayers do not have to be represented in discussions about their rateable value or their rates bill. However, ratepayers who do wish to be represented should be aware that members of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS – website www.rics.org/uk/ and the Institute of Revenues, Rating and Valuation (IRRV – website www.irrv.org.uk are qualified and are regulated by rules of professional conduct designed to protect the public from misconduct.

Before you employ a rating adviser, you should check that they have the necessary knowledge and expertise, as well as appropriate indemnity insurance. Take great care and, if necessary, seek further advice before entering into any contract.

Information supplied with demand notices

Information relating to the relevant and previous financial years in regard to the gross expenditure is available at www.eppingforestdc.gov.uk/business/business-rates